Alexandria's founded by Alexander

Alexandria's founded by Alexander the Great (by year BC): 334 Alexandria in Troia (Turkey) - 333 Alexandria at Issus/Alexandrette (Iskenderun, Turkey) - 332 Alexandria of Caria/by the Latmos (Alinda, Turkey) - 331 Alexandria Mygdoniae - 331 Alexandria (Egypt) - 330 Alexandria Ariana (Herat, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria of the Prophthasia/in Dragiana/Phrada (Farah, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria in Arachosia (Kandahar, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria in the Caucasus (Begram, Afghanistan) - 329 Alexandria of the Paropanisades (Ghazni, Afghanistan) - 329 Alexandria Eschate or Ultima (Khodjend, Tajikistan) - 329 Alexandria on the Oxus (Termez, Afghanistan) - 328 Alexandria in Margiana (Merv, Turkmenistan) - 326 Alexandria Nicaea (on the Hydaspes, India) - 326 Alexandria Bucephala (on the Hydaspes, India) - 325 Alexandria Sogdia - 325 Alexandria Oreitide - 325 Alexandria in Opiene / Alexandria on the Indus (confluence of Indus & Acesines, India) - 325 Alexandria Rambacia (Bela, Pakistan) - 325 Alexandria Xylinepolis (Patala, India) - 325 Alexandria in Carminia (Gulashkird, Iran) - 324 Alexandria-on-the-Tigris/Antiochia-in-Susiana/Charax (Spasinou Charax on the Tigris, Iraq) - ?Alexandria of Carmahle? (Kahnu)

Tuesday, December 24, 2024

The wondrous Nymphaeum of Kibyra

Slowly but surely, Kibyra is rising from its ashes as excavation and reconstruction works steadily expose more of its precious monuments. After the unique Bouleuterion/Odeon with its Medusa mosaic floor, the great Stadium that could seat 10,000 people, and the impressive theater that offers a wide view over the landscape, the round Nymphaeum is another magnificent structure (see: The tempting site of Kibyra). 


The Nymphaeum was built at a time when the city of Kibyra was reconstructed in three distinctive steps following the earthquake of 23 AD. The border of the circular central pool was decorated with reliefs. On its edge rested six columns alternating with sculptures supporting a conical roof that collapsed in the earthquake of 417 AD. In the last quarter of the 2nd century AD, a second surrounding pool was arranged around the existing one. It has been determined that twelve bronze statues were added as testified by the imprints of the feet on the supporting pedestals. 

The Nymphaeum was 7.5 meters high and had a diameter of 15 meters. Notwithstanding repeated modifications and additions, the fountain was used well into the 7th century AD. 


Presently, the Nymphaeum is restored to its former glory and the water supply has returned from the original ancient source. Water flows into the central pool from the stone figures stretched between the columns, two of which have been attributed to Herakles and Dionysus. The originals have been moved to the Museum of Burdur and replaced with limestone copies. 

It must be a sight for sore eyes as the water brings the city back to life, just like in the Antonine Nymphaeum of Sagalassos (see: Sagalassos in Alexander’s campaign).

[Pictures from TRT Haber]

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