Alexandria's founded by Alexander

Alexandria's founded by Alexander the Great (by year BC): 334 Alexandria in Troia (Turkey) - 333 Alexandria at Issus/Alexandrette (Iskenderun, Turkey) - 332 Alexandria of Caria/by the Latmos (Alinda, Turkey) - 331 Alexandria Mygdoniae - 331 Alexandria (Egypt) - 330 Alexandria Ariana (Herat, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria of the Prophthasia/in Dragiana/Phrada (Farah, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria in Arachosia (Kandahar, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria in the Caucasus (Begram, Afghanistan) - 329 Alexandria of the Paropanisades (Ghazni, Afghanistan) - 329 Alexandria Eschate or Ultima (Khodjend, Tajikistan) - 329 Alexandria on the Oxus (Termez, Afghanistan) - 328 Alexandria in Margiana (Merv, Turkmenistan) - 326 Alexandria Nicaea (on the Hydaspes, India) - 326 Alexandria Bucephala (on the Hydaspes, India) - 325 Alexandria Sogdia - 325 Alexandria Oreitide - 325 Alexandria in Opiene / Alexandria on the Indus (confluence of Indus & Acesines, India) - 325 Alexandria Rambacia (Bela, Pakistan) - 325 Alexandria Xylinepolis (Patala, India) - 325 Alexandria in Carminia (Gulashkird, Iran) - 324 Alexandria-on-the-Tigris/Antiochia-in-Susiana/Charax (Spasinou Charax on the Tigris, Iraq) - ?Alexandria of Carmahle? (Kahnu)

Thursday, August 17, 2023

An important update on Side

These days, the main attraction of Side seems to be centered on what is called the Monumental Nymphaeum, opposite the main city gate. 


This fountain belongs to the 2nd century AD when Side prospered and its Roman occupants did not shy away from making a statement. The richly decorated construction was three stories high and adorned with many statues, which have been moved to the local Museum. The three niches on the lower floor above the water basin are still standing, but otherwise, the Nymphaeum has been heavily reconstructed. Originally, the water would have cascaded down through the slots in the façade, not unlike what we can see in Sagalassos (see: Sagalassos in Alexander’s campaign). 

The Roman architects built an aqueduct to supply the water for the Nymphaeum. It also fed the public baths, fountains, and cisterns, whereas the wealthiest citizens had running water and a sewer in their homes. 

The water came from the Manavgat River, whose waterfalls are another modern tourist attraction. The source of the river was in the Taurus Mountains, some 40 kilometers from the city center of Side. The renovation of the aqueduct in the early 3rd century AD was financed by Side’s benefactor Lollianods Bryonianos and his wife Quirina Patra. Today, sections of the aqueduct are still visible in the landscape. Also in an opening in the city walls pipes and water channels made of marble, terracotta, and lead can be seen. 

[My own picture taken in 2009]

The above is proof, if needed, that it is not enough to visit a site just once. New excavations are carried out, even intermittently. I realize that my last post on Side was written ten years ago with Alexander as the focal point (see: Side didn’t put up any resistance to Alexander). It happened after my more in-depth exploration done earlier, in 2009. 

The more recent exploration and excavations focusing on the Roman aqueduct and the monumental Nymphaeum triggered the present update.

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