Alexandria's founded by Alexander the Great (by year BC): 334 Alexandria in Troia (Turkey) - 333 Alexandria at Issus/Alexandrette (Iskenderun, Turkey) - 332 Alexandria of Caria/by the Latmos (Alinda, Turkey) - 331 Alexandria Mygdoniae - 331 Alexandria (Egypt) - 330 Alexandria Ariana (Herat, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria of the Prophthasia/in Dragiana/Phrada (Farah, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria in Arachosia (Kandahar, Afghanistan) - 330 Alexandria in the Caucasus (Begram, Afghanistan) - 329 Alexandria of the Paropanisades (Ghazni, Afghanistan) - 329 Alexandria Eschate or Ultima (Khodjend, Tajikistan) - 329 Alexandria on the Oxus (Termez, Afghanistan) - 328 Alexandria in Margiana (Merv, Turkmenistan) - 326 Alexandria Nicaea (on the Hydaspes, India) - 326 Alexandria Bucephala (on the Hydaspes, India) - 325 Alexandria Sogdia - 325 Alexandria Oreitide - 325 Alexandria in Opiene / Alexandria on the Indus (confluence of Indus & Acesines, India) - 325 Alexandria Rambacia (Bela, Pakistan) - 325 Alexandria Xylinepolis (Patala, India) - 325 Alexandria in Carminia (Gulashkird, Iran) - 324 Alexandria-on-the-Tigris/Antiochia-in-Susiana/Charax (Spasinou Charax on the Tigris, Iraq) - ?Alexandria of Carmahle? (Kahnu)
Thursday, March 4, 2021
Excavations at the ancient city of Olba near Mersin
Neither the name
of Olba
nor the modern name of Uzuncaburç rings any bell with me. The city has been
in the news lately because of the excavations that are scheduled to start this
year (2021).
Olba is located off the beaten track, deep into the Taurus
Mountains, roughly some 30 kilometers from Silifke. The oldest remains are visible
down the deep ravine and seem to go back to the 6th century BC, when
Olba
was the capital of the small kingdom
of Neo-Hittite Pirindu,
ruled by a certain Appuašu. The ruins of
Hellenistic Olba are to be found about four kilometers further west and are blending in with
those of the Roman Diocaesarea from the 1st century AD.
The Acropolis was rightfully situated on top of a hill, 1040 meters above sea
level. This made it an excellent observation post to see the enemy approaching
from afar. The aqueduct and the cisterns that collected and distributed the
precious drinking water to the Nympheums and onward are still very present. The
water was taken from the LamosRiver and was led through
tunnels and over an aqueduct. This 25-meter-high aqueduct ran across the gorge
of the Devils’ Valley and is 150
meters long. It was, in fact, constructed under Septimius Severus. This same water supply
served to irrigate the surrounding fields.
Most of the
city’s remains date from Roman times. The most striking monument is the rather
well-preserved theater with a two-storey-high skene andt could seat 3,000 people.
This is where the excavations will start later this year because much of the
building stones are lying around after the walls collapsed as a result of an
earthquake.
We also find an
impressive Colonnaded Street,
almost one kilometer long and still lined with many intact columns. The temple of Zeus has remarkably kept its temenos and
monumental entrance gate. An inscription on the surrounding wall has revealed
that Seleucos I Nicatorwas
responsible for repairing the roof of this temple. These lines, by the way, confirm
that Olba
was already a sacred city in his days!
There also is a temple
dedicated to Tyche, two city gates known as the Ceremonial
Gate (7 meters high) and the Victory Gate, a great number of workshops and residential
buildings. Outside the city limits lies the necropolis with a wide assortment
of rock-cut graves, sarcophagi and other funeral monuments.
Rather
than focusing on the archaeological treasures which Olba/Diocaesarea may
reveal, Turkish authorities keep insisting on the tourism. If the site is
worthwhile – as everything tends to indicate – tourists will come anyway
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